Federal regulations that apply to all research involving human participants conducted, supported or otherwise subject to regulation by any federal department or agency. Subpart A is the Common Rule that applies to all research funded by any federal department or agency while Subpart B "Additional Protection for Pregnant Women, Human Fetuses and Neonates Involved in Research", Subpart C "Additional Protections to Biomedical and Behavioral Research Involving Prisoners as Subjects", and Subpart D ". Additional Protection for Children Involved as Subject in Research" only apply to research supported by HHS or other federal department or agency that specifically chooses to abide by them. Many academic institutions apply 45 CFR 46 to all research conducted at their institution regardless of the source of support. See also Common Rule.